Cusco

About Cusco

Founded in the 12th century and expanded by the Incas, Cusco was once the empire’s political and spiritual center before the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. Today, it’s a living museum where Inca foundations support colonial churches, and vibrant Andean traditions are celebrated alongside modern tourism. Situated at an altitude of 3,400 meters (11,150 ft), Cusco is both a cultural hub and a launch point for exploring Machu Picchu, the Sacred Valley, and other archaeological treasures. With its blend of ancient history, colonial charm, and modern energy, Cusco remains one of South America’s most rewarding travel destinations.

Discover the charm of Plaza de Armas in Cusco (Photo: Deb Dowd)

Top Attractions in Cusco

1. Machu Picchu

No trip to Cusco is complete without visiting Machu Picchu, the legendary Inca citadel and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Reach it by train from Cusco or Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes, or embark on multi-day treks such as the Inca Trail or Salkantay Trek. The mist-covered mountains and perfectly engineered stonework make this an unforgettable highlight of Peru.

2. Plaza de Armas

Cusco’s main square is surrounded by the Cusco Cathedral and the Church of the Society of Jesus. It’s the lively heart of the city, perfect for admiring colonial architecture, relaxing in cafés, and people-watching.

3. Qorikancha (Temple of the Sun)

Once the most sacred Inca temple, Qorikancha was dedicated to the sun god Inti. Today, visitors can see the impressive Inca stone walls beneath the Spanish Santo Domingo Convent, symbolizing the blending of two cultures.

4. Sacsayhuamán

This Inca fortress sits on a hill above Cusco, famous for its massive stone walls—some blocks weigh over 100 tons. It also hosts the Inti Raymi Festival each June, a vibrant celebration of Inca traditions.

5. San Pedro Market

A must-visit for foodies, San Pedro Market offers fresh produce, local street food, artisanal crafts, and a lively atmosphere that captures the essence of Cusco’s daily life.

6. The Sacred Valley

Explore nearby archaeological gems like Pisac, Ollantaytambo, and Moray. The Sacred Valley is rich in history, agriculture, and Andean culture, making it one of the most popular excursions from Cusco.

7. Rainbow Mountain (Vinicunca)

Known for its striking, multicolored slopes, Rainbow Mountain is a challenging but rewarding hike about three hours from Cusco. It’s a bucket-list adventure for nature lovers.

8. Cultural Experiences

Enhance your trip with unique activities like walking with llamas and alpacas, visiting weaving communities, or attending local festivals for an authentic taste of Andean culture.

What to Eat in Cusco

Cusco’s food scene is a flavorful mix of traditional Andean dishes and modern Peruvian cuisine, offering plenty for adventurous and casual eaters alike.

• Cuy (guinea pig) – a traditional Andean delicacy, often roasted or fried.
• Alpaca steak – lean, tender, and high in protein.
• Andean roots like oca and chuño, staples of the local diet for centuries.
• Tamales – corn dough wrapped in banana leaves, often filled with meat or cheese.
• Empanadas – baked or fried pastries stuffed with savory fillings.
• Anticuchos – flavorful grilled meat skewers, usually beef heart, served with potatoes.
• Chupe de quinua – a hearty quinoa soup, perfect for cool mountain evenings.

Where to Eat in Cusco

• Cicciolina – a cozy restaurant known for its creative tapas with a Peruvian twist.
• Chicha by Gastón Acurio – offering modern Peruvian dishes crafted by one of the country’s most famous chefs.
• Traditional picanterías – family-style eateries where you can enjoy authentic Cusqueñan home cooking in a warm, local atmosphere.

Tips for Your Cusco Travel

• Acclimatize to Altitude: Cusco sits at over 3,400 meters. Take it easy on your first day, drink coca tea, and consider medication if you’re prone to altitude sickness.
• Book Machu Picchu early: Tickets for Machu Picchu and the Inca Trail sell out months in advance, so reserve as soon as you can.
• Have some cash handy: Markets and smaller shops often prefer soles in cash. ATMs are easy to find, but keep small bills ready for convenience.
• Stay Safe: Stick to well-lit streets at night and use official taxis. Cusco is generally safe, but petty theft can occur in crowded areas.