A warm glass of sake, cherry blossoms, sushi, and a dash of anime-themed adventures, what could be more perfect than your trip to Japan? Oh, we know, it’s just missing some thrilling train experience to complete your stay!
Trains in Japan are well-known for being modern, always on time, and super convenient. In fact, Japanese trains are among the fastest in the world! There are six different types of trains you can hop aboard: the famous Shinkansen (aka Japanese bullet trains), local trains, express, limited express, and heaps more.
Sounds dizzying? Never fear! We’ll walk you through each and every train type in Japan:
- Shinkansen
- Local
- Express
- Semi-Express
- Rapid
- Limited Express
1. Shinkansen 新幹線
Fun fact: A shinkansen ticket can cost as much as a plane ticket. Image credits: Fiki Rasyid on Unsplash
No introductions needed: the Shinkansen (a.k.a. bullet trains) are the fastest trains in Japan, perhaps even the world! Thanks to the genius of Japanese engineers, you can speed from Tokyo to Osaka in just under three hours. The Shinkansen bullet trains use magnetic levitation to achieve a startling speed of 320 kilometres per hour. Riding it will make you feel like you’re floating, an experience worth its price!
In total, there are nine Shinkansen train lines you can take. The routes cover the northernmost island of Hokkaido to Japan’s southern tip, Kyushu. The rail system connects almost every major city in the country, thus making it easy to discover all of Japan, apart from Tokyo:
Name | Route | Stops | Operator |
Tokaido Shinkansen | Tokyo - Shin-Osaka | Shinagawa, Shin-Yokohama, Odawara, Atami, Nagoya, Kyoto | JR Central |
Sanyo Shinkansen | Shin-Osaka – Hakata | Shin-Kobe, Himeji, Okayama, Hiroshima, Shin-Shimonoseki | JR West |
Tohoku Shinkansen | Tokyo – Shin-Aomori | Utsunomiya, Fukushima, Sendai, Morioka | JR East |
Kyushu Shinkansen | Hakata – Kagoshima | Shin-Tosu, Kumamoto | JR Kyushu, JR West |
Joetsu Shinkansen | Tokyo – Niigata | Ueno, Takasaki, Echigo-Yuzawa, Tsubame-Sanjo | JR East |
Hokuriku Shinkansen | Takasaki – Kanazawa | Ueda, Nagano, Toyama, Shin-Takaoka | JR East, JR West |
Hokkaido Shinkansen | Shin-Aomori – Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto | Okutsugaru-Imabetsu, Kikonai | JR Hokkaido |
Akita Shinkansen | Morioka – Akita | Morioka, Shizukuishi, Tazawako, Kakunodate | JR East |
Yamagata Shinkansen | Fukushima – Shinjo | Yonezawa, Takajata, Akayu, Yamagata, Murayama, Oishida | JR East |
Klook Tip: All Shinkansen trains are owned by the JR company, so you can use your JR Pass for Whole Japan to enjoy up to 21 days of unlimited train travel across the country!
2. Local 普通
If your travel plans involve exploring every corner of a city, you’ll likely be riding the local trains a lot. Local Japanese trains, such as those under the Yamanote line in Tokyo and the Osaka loop line, go from point A to point B, stopping at every station under the route.
Because this train has the most stops, it’s also the slowest of all the Japanese trains. But don’t sweat! In exchange, you’ll get to know the city like the back of your hand!
Klook Tip: Look out for the “各駅停車” (meaning: this train stops at every station) on the signboard to check whether the incoming train is a local train.
3. Express 急行
While you’re touring Tokyo, make sure that you get to ride an express train (or trains that only stop at notable stations). Often, this kind of train services airport transfers, such as the Tokyo Monorail, which goes to Haneda International Airport, Narita Express to Narita International Airport, and Haruka Express to Kansai International Airport.
4. Semi-Express 準急
Be on the lookout for this sign to ride the semi-express trains! Image credits: @_motty_train on Instagram
Semi-Express trains are different from Express trains in the way that Semi-Express trains is essentially a Local train that skips some stations along the same line so that it wouldn’t be as packed during rush hour.
5. Rapid 快速
Wanna see Japan’s most popular tourist spots before it gets crowded? Take the rapid train! Rapid trains are similar to semi-express, but it’s much quicker, with fewer stops. And the best thing yet, you don’t need to pay a special fare! You can just climb aboard using regular train tickets.
6. Limited Express 特急
Fuji Excursion connects you directly from Tokyo to Kawaguchiko
Limited Express is also known as special express. This train stops only at the busiest train stations across Japan, such as Sapporo, Nagano, Osaka, Kyoto, and heaps more. Limited express trains have the fewest stops, so they’ll get you to your destination in a flash, which is best for long-distance travel.
One of the most famous Limited Express trains is the Fuji Excursion connecting you directly between Tokyo and Kawaguchiko to kickstart your Mt Fuji adventure. Other notable Limited Express trains include:
- Limited Express Sapphire Odoriko (Tokyo and Izukyu)
- Limited Express Kamui and Lilac (Sapporo and Asahikawa)
- Limited Express Shinano (Nagoya and Nagano)
- Limited Express Shirayuki (Joetsu-Myoko and Niigata)
- Limited Express Hokuto (Sapporo and Hakodate)
- Limited Express Thunderbird (Osaka and Kyoto)
- Limited Express Kawasemi Yamasemi (Kumamoto and Hitoyoshi)
- Limited Express Hitachi and Tokiwa (Shinagawa, Tokyo, Ueno, Katsuta, and Iwaki)
- Limited Express Inaji (Toyohashi and Iida)
- Limited Express Shiosai (Tokyo, Choshi, Naruto, and Sakura)
- Limited Express Wakashio (Tokyo, Kazusa-Ichinomiya, Katsuura, and Awa-Kamogawa)
- Limited Express Sazanami (Tokyo and Kimizu)
- Limited Express Super Oki (Tottori, Yonago, and Shin-Yamaguchi)
- Limited Express Super Matsukaze (Tottori, Yonago, and Masuda)
- Limited Express Hamakaze (Tottori, Hamasaka, Kasumi, Osaka, Kobe, and Himeji)
- Limited Express Super Hakuto (Tottori, Osaka, and Kyoto)
- Limited Express A Ressha de Ikou/ A-Train (Amakasua and Kumamoto)
- Limited Express Soya (Sapporo, Asahikawa, and Wakkanai)
- Limited Express Ibusuki no Tamatebako (Kagoshima-Chuo and Ibusuki)
You can check the full list of limited express trains here
Of course, this comes with a price. Most rail companies with limited express services charge passengers an extra fee, so prepare to shell out a few more bucks.
Are there other types of trains in Japan I need to know about?
Phew that wasn’t a lot, was it? Besides the six main train types, you should also look out for commuter rapid trains that operate during rush hour and the holiday rapid trains that run on weekends and holidays. Dizzying? We know, but trust us, once you get the hang of Japanese trains, travel will be a breeze!
Types of Railway Operators
Another Japan train travel must-know: knowing who operates which trains!
Japan Railway (JR)
From Tokyo, ride the shinkansen train straight to the JR Osaka Station. Image credits: @toyamakanna on Unsplash
The Japan Railways (JR) was once a government-owned railway. Today, it’s Japan’s leading train company, with a wide network of trains throughout the country. From scenic and local trains to limited express and shinkansen, you’ll likely be riding at least one or two JR trains throughout the trip.
Klook Tip: Make your Japan trip shine with a JR Pass, and travel city to city with just one train ticket. The JR Pass lets you hop aboard all JR trains and enjoy unlimited travel from seven to 21 days max!
Wanna learn more about the JR Pass? Check out our handy-dandy guide:
Private trains
Train travel in Japan isn’t only limited to JR trains; there are also 16 major railways owned by private companies that you can ride. These trains often provide passenger service between major cities and commuter services in urban areas. Each railway company has its own separate routes, as well as ones that overlap with JR trains and other train tracks for more convenient travel:
- Tobu Railway
- Seibu Railway
- Keisei Electric Railway
- Keio Corporation
- Odakyu Electric Railway
- Tokyu Railways
- Keikyu Corporation
- Tokyo Metro
- Sotetsu Holdings
- Nagoya Railroad
- Kintetsu Railway
- Nankai Electric Railway
- Keihan Electric Railway
- Hankyu Railway
- Hanshin Electric Railway
- Nishi-Nippon Railroad
Note: Different railway companies require different tickets, so check ahead before you board.
Public Trains & Subway
Public trains in Japan are operated by, you guessed it, the government. In Tokyo, the TOEI Subway is funded and run by the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation. These are the best ways to move around the major cities.
Klook Tip: If you plan to explore the city, save on your transportation costs by buying a pass that gives unlimited rides over 1, 2 or 3 days, like Tokyo Subway Ticket, Osaka Metro Pass, and Fukuoka Subway Pass.
How do I know which train ticket to buy?
Ride the rails with the right tickets! Image credits: @kenjioogada on Instagram
With so many trains in Japan, buying the correct train tickets can sound a tough job. Well great news: it doesn’t have to be when you have a JR Pass for Whole Japan. This way, you can just hop on any JR train, including the famous Shinkansen trains and JR’s express trains, for up to 21 days! Pretty cool, right?
Need more time to think about booking those passes? We totally get it, so here’s a guide on why the JR Pass is worth it and its cool perks.
Written by: Jianne Uy
